ARTICLE B-1: FLEET BUSINESS AND ELECTIONS

1. The official language between the fleets and the Association shall be English.
2. All financial transactions between the fleets or districts and the Association shall take place in U.S. currency.
3. Fleet elections shall take place so that the names of the names of the new officers shall be filed with the Association by December 31 of the year in which they are elected.

ARTICLE B-2: SHARED OWNERSHIP AND CHARTERING

1. Intent: It is the intent of this article to encourage the ownership of Tanzer 16 sloops and to prohibit the practice of non-owners borrowing, Chartering or token purchasing a Tanzer 16 sloop for the purpose of racing in a series or regatta.
2. Joint Ownership: Where a Tanzer 16 sloop is jointly owned in good faith by more than one person, one of the owners shall be designated as the attached or unattached member; any other joint owners shall be designated as the associate members. Only one of the owners shall be required to pay annual dues. This part owner shall be considered to be the senior co-owner and shall enjoy all the privileges of membership. The other part owner shall be considered junior co-owner. Co-owners shall be deemed to be members to the extent and only to the extent that they have the right to command a Tanzer 16 in any sanctioned race, including the National Championship Series Races, after proper qualification.
3. Family Ownership: Members of the family of an owner or part owner may join the Association as associate members, provided that the owner or part owner is an attached or unattached member. The spouse or children of such an owner may register as an associate members (with the same official boat number) without the payment of an additional Association membership fee. If a family owns more than one Tanzer 16 sloop, then the helmsman of each boat must be a dues paying attached, unattached, or associate member in order to participate in class sanctioned events.
4. Club Ownership: Where a recognized yacht club owns three or more Tanzer 16 sloops, one "senior member" of such club may be designated as the skipper for each boat so owned, and shall be eligible for attached or unattached membership. Other members of said yacht club shall be eligible for associate membership of the association.
5. Chartering: An attached, unattached, or associate member in good standing may charter a Tanzer 16 and sail in any event provided he uses his own sails. The intent of this article is to permit members to charter a boat when their own boat is not usable due to damage or the event is too far from their home waters.

ARTICLE B-3: ELIGIBILITY AND DUES

1. Eligibility: A member shall not be eligible to compete in any sanctioned event until all his or her dues are paid in, accordance with the provisions of the Tanzer 16 by-laws.
2. Membership Cards: Upon receipt of dues, the Secretary-Treasurer of the Association shall issue official membership cards. These cards shall show the class of membership (attached, unattached, associate or sustaining). The membership cards of attached, unattached or associate members shall show the number of the boat. That notation on the membership card is essential if the skipper plans to participate in sanctioned events.
3. Dues: The Association dues shall be established annually by the Executive Committee.
4. Due Date: Dues for all classes of membership arc due by the 1st of April each year. Dues shall be deemed delinquent after April 1st, except for new incoming members. Granting of membership after this date shall be at the discretion of the Executive Committee. New memberships granted after October 1st shall continue through the next year without an additional fee.
5. Payment of Dues: The Association will notify each member annually in advance for his dues, but failure to receive a such notification shall not be an excuse for not paying them in time to be eligible for competition in sanctioned events or to maintain association membership.
6. Fleet Dues: Fleet dues are to be established at the option of the local fleet. If any, they shall be collected and retained by the local fleet.

ARTICLE B-4: FLEET REPORTS

Each fleet and district is encouraged to file an annual report with the Association.

ARTICLE B-5: OFFICIAL NUMBERS AND MEASUREMENT CERTIFICATES

1. An official number by which each boat shall be known will be assigned to every Tanzer 16 sloop by the Association.
2. The Association shall provide blank measurement certificates to properly licensed builders of the Tanzer 16, at a cost of $15 each.
3. The measurement certificate shall be used by builders of the Tanzer 16 to certify that a particular Tanzer 16 sloop, designated by its official number, has been built to conform to the official specifications of the Association.
4. The measurement certificates shall be forwarded by the builder to the Secretary-Treasurer of the Association for official registration by the Association. When known, the name and address of the owner shall be shown on the certificate.
5. On receipt of each measurement certificate, the Secretary-Treasurer shall affix his or her signature to it and send it to the owner if known, or if not known, retain the certificate until it is applied for by the owner.
6. Upon purchase of a used Tanzer 16 sloop, the new owner, if he or she wishes to register the boat with the Association, shall obtain the measurement certificate of that sloop from the previous owner. He or she shall endorse the said certificate with his name and address and shall notify the Secretary-Treasurer in writing of his purchase, giving the official number of the Tanzer 16 sloop in question.
7. The Secretary-Treasurer of the Association shall maintain a permanent file of the measurement certificate of each Tanzer 16 sloop, together with a permanent record of all names and addresses of all owners and joint owners and the names given to each sloop.
8. In the event of the loss or destruction of the original measurement certificate of a Tanzer 16 class sloop, the owner of record may obtain a replacement of measurement certificate from the Secretary-Treasurer of the Association upon payment of a fee of $2.00 which shall go to the Association treasury.

ARTICLE B-6: OBLIGATIONS

The Association shall not be liable for any debts contracted by its fleets or officers other than expenditure authorized by the budget or upon written order of the President and Secretary-Treasurer.

ARTICLE B-7: SANCTIONED EVENTS

Interfleet events such as regional, district, state, National or International racing events must be sanctioned by the Executive Committee, and the following restrictions shall apply.

1. Racing Rules: The official racing rules for all sanctioned events, shall be the latest revisions of the International Yacht Racing Union rules (I.Y.R.U.) as adopted by the country 'in which the sanctioned event is being held. For instance, in Canada, the Canadian Yachting Association (C.Y.A.) rules shall prevail and in the U.S.A., those of the United States Yacht Racing Union (U.S.Y.R.U.) shall be used.
2. Interpretation: In deciding any question, the intended meaning of the rules shall prevail. In case of actual foul, no extenuating circumstances may be considered, but they may be considered where Association rules or restrictions require interpretation and there has been no deliberate attempt to gain an unfair advantage. Precedent and the established policies of the Association shall be taken into consideration when interpreting any rule or regulation, or where the situation is not covered by rule. The rulings of the Executive Committee shall be carefully preserved for reference.
3. Helmsman: The helmsman in a sanctioned event must be an attached, or associate member of the Association, and his membership must bear the sail number of the boat which he helms. The same helmsman shall be on board of a given yacht through all the races of a sanctioned event. He does not have to handle the helm throughout a race or regatta, but the helm may be taken by a crew who is not a member of the Association only for spinnaker handling or emergencies.
4. Crew: The total number of persons aboard a yacht in a sanctioned event shall be two or three. All shall be amateurs. The same crew must be carried throughout all races of the event, the only exceptions being:
   1. In the event of illness or other unforeseen circumstances, race committee approval of a substitute must be obtained one hour prior to the scheduled warning signal.
   2. If a skipper can gain approval of two-thirds of the competitors at the skipper's meeting prior to the start of the first race, he/she may use a variety of crew in a sanctioned event. The weight of the new crew shall not substantially improve the performance of the boat, considering current circumstances.
5. Sails: All sails used in any sanctioned event must be measured and approved. This notwithstanding, any sail may be challenged by another member at any time. No more than two mainsails, two jibs, two genoas, and one spinnaker shall be measured in or used in any sanctioned event.
6. Compliance with Specifications: No boat which fails to comply with the specifications of the Association shall compete in a sanctioned event. Should a competing boat be found not to qualify, it shall be immediately disqualified from further competition in any sanctioned event until it is made to qualify.
7. Host Fleet: The Executive Committee shall appoint a host fleet for each sanctioned event. This fleet shall be responsible for all arrangements, including the provision of race and protest committees, proper facilities, prizes, entertainment, etc. In this regard, the fleet must cooperate with, and be guided by, the Executive Committee.
8. Conditions Governing Races: 
   1. The time and place of all sanctioned events must be approved by the Executive Committee.
   2. The race committee shall attempt to set a modified Olympic course, but if this is not possible, the course may be any course chosen by the race committee.
   3. The time limit shall be two hours. If one entry finishes within the time limit, all shall be timed.
   4. The low point scoring system, appendix 5A of the IYRU racing rules, shall be used. One or more throwouts may be allowed, provided that the throwout formula is published in the race circular and sailing instructions, and that the number of races after throwouts may not be less than the required minimum number of sailed races.
   5. In the event of a tie for a prize-winning position in the series, the yacht which has defeated the other yacht or yachts involved the most number of times in the series shall be deemed the winner. If a tie still remains, it shall be resolved in favor of the winner of the last deciding race in a series.

ARTICLE B-8: ANNUAL SANCTIONED EVENTS

The Executive Committee may, at its discretion, sanction other events, but the following events shall be held annually, if possible.

1. National Championships: National Championships shall be open events and the following rules shall govern:
   1. Purpose: To determine annually the various National Championships of the Tanzer 16 Class Association.
   2. Perpetual Trophy: A suitably named trophy shall be established for each country by the Association. The Perpetual Trophies shall be held by the winning skippers until the next series, subject to approval and order of the Executive Committee.
   3. Keeper Trophies: Appropriate trophies shall be provided by the Association including winner and winner crew trophies.
   4. Place: The series shall be held on the waters of the country for which it is held.
   5. Number of Races: At least five races over two days shall be scheduled, but the number sailed may be reduced to no less than three by the race committee, due to adverse conditions.
   6. Entries: Any attached, unattached, or associate member of the Association in good standing may enter.
2. District Championships: District Championships shall be open events and the following rules shall govern:
   1. Purpose: To determine annually the various District Championships of the Tanzer 16 Class Association.
   2. Perpetual Trophy: A suitably named trophy shall be established for each District by the Association. The Perpetual Trophies shall be hold by the winning skippers until the next series, subject to approval and order of the Executive Committee.
   3. Keeper Trophies: Appropriate trophies shall be provided by the Association including winner and winner crew trophies.
   4. Place: The series shall be held on the waters of the District for which it is held.
   5. Number of Races: At least three races over two days shall be scheduled, but the number sailed may be reduced to no less than two by the race committee, due to adverse conditions.
   6. Entries: Any attached, unattached, or associate member of the Association in good standing may enter.
3. State Championships: State Championships shall be open events and the following rules shall govern:
   1. Purpose: To determine annually the various State Championships of the Tanzer 16 Class Association.
   2. Perpetual Trophy: A suitably named trophy shall be established for each State by the Association. The Perpetual Trophies shall be held by the winning skippers until the next series, subject to approval and order of the Executive Committee.
   3. Keeper Trophies: Keeper trophies, if any, shall be provided by the fleets organizing the regatta.
   4. Place: The series shall be held on the waters of the state for which it is held.
   5. Number of Races: At least three races over two days shall be scheduled, but the number sailed may be reduced to no less than two by the race committee, due to adverse conditions.
   6. Entries: Association members in good standing who are residents of the state are eligible for the State Championship regatta.

ARTICLE B-9: HONOR INSIGNIA

1. Honor Insignia for Class Sanctioned Events: Honor insignia may be displayed on the mainsail of boats owned by winners of class sanctioned events, as follows:
   1. One gold chevron for the winner of the North American Championship (when established).
   2. One blue chevron for the winner of National Championship.
   3. One red chevron for the winner of a District Championship.
2. Fleet Championships: Each fleet may designate a fleet champion who may display a black chevron.
3. Chevron Display Regulations: 
   1. Only one chevron may be displayed. Only the highest honor chevron should be displayed. The honor awards rank in the following order:(1)gold, (2) blue, (3) red, (4) black
   2. The chevron shall consist of a 2-inch wide band forming angle of 120 and shall be 15 inches in total breadth, as per the following sketch: A chevron shall be affixed to each side of the mainsail, apex upward, back-to-back, so that only one is visible when viewing the sail in transmitted light. The chevron shall be centered 6 inches below the port side number.
   3. Honor awards are to the skipper--not the boat--for his display on a Tanzer 16 that he may sail while a member in good standing in the Association. The skipper shall remove his chevron before selling or otherwise disposing of a sail no longer used by him.
   4. Trophy committees may consider presentation of appropriate, chevrons to champions as part of trophy awards.

ARTICLE B-10: ACTIVITIES OF THE CLASS ASSOCIATION

No part of the receipts of the Class Association shall accrue to the benefit of, or be distributed to, its members, officers, or committee chairpersons or other private persons, except that the Class Association shall be authorized and empowered to pay reasonable compensation for services rendered and to make payment and distributions in furtherance of the purposes of the Class Association. No substantial part of the activities of the Class Association shall be the carrying on for propaganda, or otherwise attempting to influence legislation, and the Class Association shall not participate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distribution of statements), any political campaign on behalf of any candidate for public office.

Not withstanding any other provision of these articles, the Class Association shall not carry on any activities not permitted to be carried on:

1. By any organization exempt from Federal Income Tax under section 501 (e) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law).
2. By an organization, contributions to which are deductible under section 170 (c) (2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law).

ARTICLE B-11: DISSOLUTION

1. Voting: The Tanzer 16 Class Association may be dissolved or disbanded by a two- thirds vote of its members.
2. Disposition: In the event the Tanzer 16 Class Association, Inc. should be dissolved or disbanded, or terminate its existence by vote or otherwise, the Executive Committee shall, after paying or making provisions for the payment of liabilities of the Class Association, dispose of all the assets of the Class Association exclusively for the purposes of the Class Association, or to such organization or organizations created and operated exclusively for charitable, educational, religious or other purposes as shall at that time qualify as an exempt organization or organizations under Section 501 (e) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provisions of any future United States Internal Revenue Law), as the Executive Committee shall determine. Any such assets not so disposed of shall be disposed of by the Superior Court of the country in which the principal office of the organization is then located, exclusively for such purposes or to such organization or organizations, as the Court shall determine, which are organized and operated exclusively for such purposes.